The shear stiffness of the specific binding is calculated by measuring the bead rotation and angular bead strain using a magnetometer.įigure 1. Upon the application of a magnetic field, the beads orientate according to their dipoles, which ultimately applies a torque to the cell surface ( Figure 1). 5,10 Specifically, cells are incubated with ferromagnetic or superparamagnetic beads coated with ECM or cell adhesion proteins, typically with ∼20 beads per cell. MTC has been used to characterize multiple aspects of integrin–ligand bonds by applying mechanical stress to cells, for instance, (a) measurements of ligand–receptor adhesion strength, (b) mechanical linkages between a cell surface receptor and the cytoskeleton, (c) rheological properties of the cytoskeleton, and (d) intracellular biochemical changes. 9 Similar to AFM, MTC applies forces directly to cells, however, in the form of torque compared to tensile/compressive forces. MTC is a technique that examines controlled mechanical stresses applied to specific cell surface receptors using ligand-coated ferromagnetic beads under a magnetic field and was first employed for mechanotransduction studies by Wang et al.
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